Telogen Effluvium: Definition, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
What is Telogen Effluvium?
Telogen effluvium is a temporary type of hair loss that happens when hair follicles move from the growth phase to the resting phase earlier than usual. Normally, about 10% of the hair on a healthy scalp is in the resting phase, but this number increases with telogen effluvium, causing noticeable hair shedding. The hair usually falls out evenly across the scalp instead of forming bald spots.
Acute Telogen Effluvium
Acute telogen effluvium typically develops rapidly after a triggering event, such as stress, illness, or a sudden hormonal change. This condition usually lasts less than six months and often resolves on its own once the trigger is addressed.
Chronic Telogen Effluvium
Chronic telogen effluvium is a long-lasting form of the condition where hair shedding persists for more than six months. The underlying causes may be harder to identify, and patients often require long-term treatment to restore normal hair growth.
What is the Difference Between Acute and Chronic Telogen Effluvium?
The primary difference between acute and chronic telogen effluvium lies in the duration and persistence of symptoms. Acute telogen effluvium tends to resolve within six months without medical intervention, whereas chronic telogen effluvium continues for an extended period and often requires a detailed evaluation and treatment plan.
What are the Causes of Telogen Effluvium?
Telogen effluvium can be triggered by various factors, including both physical and emotional stress. Illnesses, surgeries, and injuries are common physical triggers, while significant life changes or anxiety can contribute emotionally. Hormonal imbalances, such as those caused by thyroid disorders or postpartum changes, often play a role. Nutritional deficiencies, particularly a lack of iron, protein, or essential vitamins, can weaken hair health. Certain medications, including blood pressure drugs, antidepressants, and chemotherapy treatments, may also lead to hair shedding. Rapid weight loss from crash dieting and severe infections, such as COVID-19, are additional potential causes. Identifying and addressing the root cause is crucial for effective management of telogen effluvium.
What are the Symptoms of Telogen Effluvium?
Common symptoms include:
- Increased Hair Shedding: Hair loss may become noticeable while combing, showering, or on your pillow
- Even Hair Thinning: Hair loss is usually diffuse and not localized to a specific patch
- Scalp Visibility: The scalp may appear more visible due to the loss of hair density
How to Diagnose Telogen Effluvium?
Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination of the scalp and a review of medical history. Dermatologists may perform a hair pull test to assess the extent of shedding. In some cases, blood tests are conducted to identify underlying health issues such as thyroid imbalances or nutrient deficiencies.
Telogen Effluvium Treatment
Treatment for telogen effluvium focuses on addressing the underlying cause and promoting hair regrowth. Recommendations may include:
- Nutritional Supplements: Iron, zinc, and biotin supplements if deficiencies are detected
- Stress Management: Yoga, meditation, or therapy to reduce stress levels
- Topical Treatments: Minoxidil may be prescribed to stimulate hair growth
- Hormonal Treatment: Thyroid medications or hormone therapies if hormonal imbalances are present
- Lifestyle Changes: A balanced diet and proper hair care practices Most cases of acute telogen effluvium resolve naturally once the trigger is removed. However, chronic cases may require ongoing treatment and monitoring.
Can You Have a Hair Transplant with Telogen Effluvium?
Hair transplantation is generally not recommended for patients with active telogen effluvium. Since the condition involves temporary hair loss, undergoing a transplant during this phase can yield unsatisfactory results. It is essential to treat the underlying cause and wait for hair regrowth before considering a transplant. Consulting with a specialized hair restoration clinic is crucial to making an informed decision.
Is Telogen Effluvium reversible?
Yes, telogen effluvium is usually reversible. Hair regrowth occurs naturally once the underlying cause is addressed.
Who gets Telogen Effluvium?
Anyone can develop telogen effluvium, but it is more common in women due to hormonal changes and lifestyle factors.
What triggers Telogen Effluvium?
Common triggers include stress, illness, hormonal changes, nutritional deficiencies, medications, and sudden weight loss.
How long does Telogen Effluvium last?
Acute telogen effluvium generally lasts for less than six months and is often triggered by a specific event such as a sudden illness, major surgery, or severe stress. During this period, hair shedding is temporary and usually subsides as the body recovers from the underlying cause. On the other hand, chronic telogen effluvium can persist for over a year and may have less obvious triggers. Individuals with chronic cases may experience ongoing hair shedding that can be more challenging to resolve without medical intervention. Identifying and addressing the underlying factors, such as hormonal imbalances, nutritional deficiencies, or prolonged stress, is crucial in managing chronic telogen effluvium effectively.
When is the peak of Telogen Effluvium?
The peak of telogen effluvium typically occurs around two to three months after the triggering event, as this is the time it takes for hair follicles to transition from the growth phase (anagen) to the resting phase (telogen). During this period, a noticeable increase in hair shedding may be observed, often alarming individuals who are not familiar with the condition. Hair may fall out more readily during washing, brushing, or simply running fingers through it. This peak shedding phase is a temporary response to the disruption caused by factors such as stress, illness, hormonal changes, or dietary deficiencies. While it can be distressing, it’s important to remember that in most cases, hair regrowth begins once the underlying trigger has been resolved, and hair follicles return to their normal growth cycle. Managing stress, maintaining a healthy diet, and seeking medical advice when necessary can help expedite the recovery process.
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